Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

solid-solid phase transformations, influence of stresses and strains
R.Hess
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Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by R.Hess » Wed Nov 21, 2018 9:59 am

Dear Bernd,
after our personal talk about my simulation, i was able to make some progress, but i am still far away from my target.
The problem is still, that tne austenite is not growing fast enough into the ferrite. Austenite formation is a diffusion controlled process, therefore i thought, that if the diffusion of carbon (in this case) is fast enough, the transformation should be also. In reality, we can observe austenitisation even at temperature gradients >1.000.000 K/s. Therefore, in my case (with gradients of 10.000 & 100.000 K/s) i should also observe a fully austenitisation.
The problem in my 10.000 K/s case is, that some austenite strings are growing into the ferrite, but the rest seems to be frozen.
At dT = 100.000 K/s even those strings are missing.
In both cases i tried to use the mob_corr function.

I will upload both input files and both result images. Maybe you can check them and tell me what i have to change, because i don´t have any other approach, how i can fix the problems.

Thank you!
Attachments
FeCMn1.GES5
Ges-File
(44.56 KiB) Downloaded 284 times
dT100000_mobcorr_2.txt
Input dT=100000
(31.58 KiB) Downloaded 343 times
dT10000_m_mobcorr_2.txt
Input dT=10000
(30.54 KiB) Downloaded 299 times
dT10000_phas_mcr.png
Output dT=10000
dT10000_phas_mcr.png (64.54 KiB) Viewed 5561 times
Initial.png
Initial structure
Initial.png (18.53 KiB) Viewed 5561 times
dT100000_phas_mcr.png
Output dT=100000
dT100000_phas_mcr.png (27.76 KiB) Viewed 5561 times

Bernd
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Joined: Mon Jun 23, 2008 9:29 pm

Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Bernd » Wed Nov 21, 2018 12:21 pm

Dear Rafael,

I found 5 issues which are problematic in your input files:

1.) In the time input data section of the driving file, you limit the numerical phase-field time step width by setting a minimum of 1.E-4 s. This is a huge number in comparison with your time scale and certainly has just been forgotten to adjust. Forcing MICRESS to use bigger time step than those predicted by the automatic time stepping will strongly reduce the interface mobility (please check with .mueS output) in order to maintain stability. You need to reduce this value considerably until this mobility reduction applies only to a small percentage of the interface cells.

2.) In your simulation with a cooling rate of 100000K/s you did not use the mob_corr and paraequilibrium option for the austenite/ferrite phase interaction. Probably, this was only a test...

3.) You update diffusion data in an interval which corresponds to a temperature change of 100K. This is not sufficient and may lead to wrong diffusion data.

4.) You also update thermodynamic data in a much too big time interval.

5.) I don't understand why you use a linearized phase diagram description for the Cementite phase. It is very difficult to do this consistently, given that the data for austenite/ferrite is strongly changing with temperature. It would be much better and easier to use the database.

Bernd

R.Hess
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Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by R.Hess » Mon Nov 26, 2018 11:58 am

Dear Bernd,
thank you for your reply!

I´m going to implement your suggestions in the file and try to get some results.

R.Hess
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anti_bot: 333

Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by R.Hess » Mon Dec 03, 2018 12:30 pm

Hello Bernd,
i have changed some of your mentioned points. The first problem is, in case of using thermocalc for all phase interactions, that the simulation time rises extremly. Furthermore, the result is worse. I cannot observe nucleation and the interfaces become thinner. what is my problem in this case?

Another problem arises without using thermocalc . By changing the phasefield solver time steps and the timesteps of diffusion data the results look much better. i can observe a adequate austenitisation. the problem now is, that the interfaces of the origin structure dont move. i will upload a result as a picture.

- why doesnt transform the cemenite? I think it is a diffusion problem. how can i solve it ? by furhter adjustments of the updating time steps?

- what may be the problem, that the interfaces of the initial strucutre are such stable?

thank you in advance
Attachments
backup_dT100000_mobcorr_phas_mcr.png
backup_dT100000_mobcorr_phas_mcr.png (21.8 KiB) Viewed 5515 times

Bernd
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Joined: Mon Jun 23, 2008 9:29 pm

Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Bernd » Mon Dec 03, 2018 4:59 pm

Dear Rafael,

As a first problem you explained that using TC-coupling for all phase interactions makes the simulation very slow. To avoid that, MICRESS has different global options for updating thermodynamic data which allow the user to reduce the computational effort for TC-coupling to a minimum. Furthermore, as the updating interval in most cases can be decreased at the same time, increased numerical stability is obtained. Although global updating may be slightly less accurate compared to a local one, it is still much much better compared to a linearized or mixed description which which cannot be consistent if used with different temperatures. As there is no temperature gradient (I mean a spatial one) in your simulation, I would advise you to use "globalG" for all 3 phase interactions.

The reason why the initial ferrite grain boundaries stay visible and are broadened is not clear. I guess that there are remnants of another phase behind (ferrite or cementite). You can visualize them by looking at the .frac* outputs which show the exact fraction distribution for each phase. Without this knowledge it is impossible for me to know the reason.

The broadened interfaces around the cementite phase show that there are also numerical instabilities in this region. The slow dissolution of cementite could be due the the diffusion kinetics, but it could also be an artifact of your mixed thermodynamic description. You should try to use full thermodynamic coupling...

Bernd

Ali
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Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Ali » Mon Jun 28, 2021 4:02 pm

Dear Bernd,

I want to simulate cementite+ferrite (from previous simulation that you corrected) to austenite using restart, I have 2 problems as follwoing:

1- My initial temperature is 298K and after 80s it reaches 1030 K, but after 1 s the temperature reaches about 974K and then goes to 1030K in 79s.
2- The nucleated austenite phases do not grow further or have disappeared after a few seconds. I have tried to solve this instability by changing the interface parameters, but that did not work.

please find the attached dri file.

Thank you for your help in advance.

Best regards,
Ali
Attachments
FeC-H2-1.dri
(28.36 KiB) Downloaded 143 times

Bernd
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Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Bernd » Mon Jun 28, 2021 5:03 pm

Dear Ali,

Welcome to the MICRESS Forum!

Your first problem seems to be quite obvious: You falsely use the restart function for reading an initial microstructure. As a consequence, temperature and time starts at the point where the first simulation ended (if you furthermore changed the process conditions, the outcome could probably be quite undefined...).
I admit that it is a bit confusing, because in Version 6.4 initial microstructures were still read using the "restart structure_only" command from restart files. But now, in Version 7, the two issues are strictly separated, making it more obvious, hopefully:
- "restart" means continuation of a simulation run in the same way as it ended (only very few parameters can be changed). This is done at the top of the input file ("Restart").
- Reading restart files as initial microstructure now is handled in section "Initial microstructure". Only the microstructure itself is read, and all history is forgotten, making it possible to completely change the simulation setup.

Your second problem may be just a consequence of the first one. If not, it is difficult to say without knowing how the initial microstructure looks like. I could imagine that curvature undercooling due to the relatively high interfacial energies in combination with the fine grid resolution could be a source of problem. You can simply make a quick test by reducing them.

Bernd

Ali
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anti_bot: 333

Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Ali » Tue Jun 29, 2021 2:43 pm

Dear Bernd,

thank you very much for your feedback.

I corrected the first problem.
But the second has not yet solevd and I have chacked it with different parameters. I wonder I simulated this process with these parameters in version 6.04 and austenite phases nucleated and grew easily. would you please tell me the reasons for this difference?

Please find attached initial image and dri file.


Best regards,
Ali
Attachments
FeC-H2-2.dri
(28.84 KiB) Downloaded 133 times
Pealite+Cementite.jpg
Pealite+Cementite.jpg (56.06 KiB) Viewed 2884 times

Bernd
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Joined: Mon Jun 23, 2008 9:29 pm

Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Bernd » Tue Jun 29, 2021 10:37 pm

Dear Ali,

It is difficult to say what could happen without being able to run it myself. Could you please send me the restart file to my private e-Mail?
Could you also send me the input file of Version 6.4 which worked?

Best wishes

Bernd

Bernd
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Joined: Mon Jun 23, 2008 9:29 pm

Re: Ferrite / Cemenite to Austenite

Post by Bernd » Fri Jul 02, 2021 12:01 am

Dear Ali,

Thanks for sending me the requested input files. I think the main issue in your input files is the huge range of interface energies: Between the highest and lowest values there is a factor of 100! This leads to extreme phase-field increments at the triple junctions where these interfaces overlap, which lead to strange morphologies or hinder growth of new nuclei. Under these extreme conditions Version 7 indeed may behave not exactly identically as Version 6.4 did.

I recommend that you start setting all interface energies to the same value (e.g. 1.E-5J/cm2), and later-on make small modifications in case you want adjust the wetting behavior of a phase. Please keep in mind that a factor of 2 on the interface energies already covers the complete range between no wetting and full wetting!

Please further note that in Version 7 we have implemented an improved representation of "unresolved" eutectoids in the .phas output, which appears as a chessboard like pattern of the two involved phase numbers. In older versions, the majority phase was shown like for normal interfaces, which was not very helpful in case of "unresolved" regions.

Bernd

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